See colden in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "cauld"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "coale"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gel-"
},
"expansion": "PIE root\n *gel-",
"name": "PIE root box"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*caldian"
},
"expansion": "Old English *caldian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kaldēn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kaldēn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kaldāną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kaldāną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cold",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "cold + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE root\n *gel-\nFrom Old English *caldian, cealdian, from Proto-West Germanic *kaldēn, from Proto-Germanic *kaldāną; equivalent to cold + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "coldeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "coldende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "coldynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "colded",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "colden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to colden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "colde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "colde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "colded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "coldest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "coldedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "coldeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "colded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "colde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "colded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "colde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "colden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "colde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "coldeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "coldede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "coldeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "colde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "coldynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "coldende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "colded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ycolded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cold",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "colde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "coolde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kolde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "colden",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "cold"
},
"expansion": "colden (third-person singular simple present coldeth, present participle coldende, coldynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle colded)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cold"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 18 25 15 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become or make cold; to cool."
],
"id": "en-colden-enm-verb-oOgkGjrs",
"links": [
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"cool",
"cool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To become or make cold; to cool."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 18 25 15 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 100 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Temperature",
"orig": "enm:Temperature",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To feel cold or chilly."
],
"id": "en-colden-enm-verb-ZlTsGclJ",
"links": [
[
"feel",
"feel"
],
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"chilly",
"chilly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To feel cold or chilly."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 18 25 15 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 0 4 47 37 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be emotionally shocked or overwhelmed."
],
"id": "en-colden-enm-verb-k-otX99c",
"links": [
[
"emotionally",
"emotionally"
],
[
"shock",
"shock"
],
[
"overwhelm",
"overwhelm"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be emotionally shocked or overwhelmed."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 18 25 15 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To weaken or dissipate emotionally."
],
"id": "en-colden-enm-verb-kvAgkmJL",
"links": [
[
"weaken",
"weaken"
],
[
"dissipate",
"dissipate"
],
[
"emotionally",
"emotionally"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To weaken or dissipate emotionally."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Physiology",
"orig": "enm:Physiology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 18 25 15 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause or strengthen humoral \"coldness\"."
],
"id": "en-colden-enm-verb-MG9B78CP",
"links": [
[
"physiology",
"physiology"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
],
[
"humoral",
"humoral"
],
[
"coldness",
"coldness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, physiology) To cause or strengthen humoral \"coldness\"."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"physiology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔ̝ːldən/"
}
],
"word": "colden"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "colden",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "golden"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of golden"
],
"id": "en-colden-enm-adj-~AK6ex2J",
"links": [
[
"golden",
"golden#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "colden"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gel-",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Temperature"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "cauld"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "coale"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gel-"
},
"expansion": "PIE root\n *gel-",
"name": "PIE root box"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*caldian"
},
"expansion": "Old English *caldian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kaldēn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kaldēn",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kaldāną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kaldāną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cold",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "cold + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE root\n *gel-\nFrom Old English *caldian, cealdian, from Proto-West Germanic *kaldēn, from Proto-Germanic *kaldāną; equivalent to cold + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "coldeth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "coldende",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "coldynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "colded",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "colden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to colden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "colde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "colde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "colded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "coldest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "coldedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "coldeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "colded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "colde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "colded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "colde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "colden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "colde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "coldeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "coldede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "coldeth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "colde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "coldynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "coldende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "colded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ycolded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cold",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "colde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "coolde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kolde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "colden",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"stem": "cold"
},
"expansion": "colden (third-person singular simple present coldeth, present participle coldende, coldynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle colded)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cold"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To become or make cold; to cool."
],
"links": [
[
"become",
"become"
],
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"cool",
"cool"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To become or make cold; to cool."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To feel cold or chilly."
],
"links": [
[
"feel",
"feel"
],
[
"cold",
"cold"
],
[
"chilly",
"chilly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) To feel cold or chilly."
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To be emotionally shocked or overwhelmed."
],
"links": [
[
"emotionally",
"emotionally"
],
[
"shock",
"shock"
],
[
"overwhelm",
"overwhelm"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To be emotionally shocked or overwhelmed."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To weaken or dissipate emotionally."
],
"links": [
[
"weaken",
"weaken"
],
[
"dissipate",
"dissipate"
],
[
"emotionally",
"emotionally"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To weaken or dissipate emotionally."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs",
"enm:Physiology"
],
"glosses": [
"To cause or strengthen humoral \"coldness\"."
],
"links": [
[
"physiology",
"physiology"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"strengthen",
"strengthen"
],
[
"humoral",
"humoral"
],
[
"coldness",
"coldness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, physiology) To cause or strengthen humoral \"coldness\"."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"physiology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔ̝ːldən/"
}
],
"word": "colden"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Temperature"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjective",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "colden",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "golden"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of golden"
],
"links": [
[
"golden",
"golden#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "colden"
}
Download raw JSONL data for colden meaning in Middle English (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-04-01 using wiktextract (7de0cf9 and 9452535). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.